Sunday, January 17, 2016

Total Joint replacement and Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)


What is a hip or knee replacement surgery?

Hip or knee replacement surgery involves replacing damaged joint lining of  hip or knee joint with metallic or plastic  implant, to repair the damaged surfaces that are causing pain.

Why would you need a hip or knee joint replacement surgery?
-         
     When your hip or knee joint has been damaged by arthritis, a fracture or other conditions due to which common activities such as walking or getting in and out of a chair become painful and difficult may require a joint replacement surgery.
-         In such cases the damaged joint may be so stiff and immovable that even simple activities like putting on your shoes and socks or climbing a few stairs is impossible.
-         You may feel uncomfortable while resting and the pain even continues during rest.
-         There is inadequate pain relief in spite of taking proper anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, or walking supports.
     
      How does your surgeon (Doctor) decide whether you are fit for surgery?
-         
      Your orthopedic surgeon will enquire about your general health and ask questions about the extent of your joint pain and how it affects your ability to perform everyday activities.
-         The surgeon will assess the mobility, strength and alignment of the affected joint.
-         The surgeon will require X-rays to help him determine the extent of damage or deformity in your joint.
-         You may need opinion from cardiologist, general physician and anesthetist before proceeding to surgery.
     
      What happens during surgery?
      
      Your orthopedic surgeon will remove the damaged cartilage and bone and then position the new metallic implants to restore the alignment and function of your joint.
     
      What care should be taken post – surgery?
-         
       There will be some pain after the surgery but your surgeon will provide you necessary medication which should be taken in timely manner.
-         Though there is pain, the movement at the replaced joint should start soon after the surgery.
-         There will also be some antibiotics that you may need to take to  prevent infection.
-         Light exercises like walking are essential parts of recovery. If you do not move as early as possible some postoperative complications become likely.
     
      What is the significance of recommended medication?
-         
      You should continue to take the prescribed medications.
-         You will be recommended to take antibiotics before, during and after the surgical procedure to prevent any infection at the operated site.
-         After the surgery, many of the patients develop blood clots, hence blood thinners such as anticoagulants are recommended.
-         You should follow your doctor’s recommendations for the prescribed duration when blood thinning medications are given.
     
      What are the alert signs after surgery?
-         
       Do report to your doctor in case you observe any of the below
1.     Warmth and redness at the incision site.
2.     Unusual pain or tenderness at the incision site.
3.     Pain or warmth in the calf muscles.
4.     Development of an odor or strong smell.
What are the possible complications of the surgery?
Some possible complications of the surgery include:
1.     Infection that may or may not be limited to the skin of the wound.
2.     Leg-length inequality after hip replacement surgery.
3.     Blood clot formation or deep vein thrombosis (DVT)


What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
-         
     Blood clot formation is the most common complication of replacement surgery which may develop during first several weeks of your recovery.
-         The blood clots generally develop in the leg veins or pelvis.
-         These clots can be life threatening if they break free and travel to your lungs.
-         You should immediately visit your doctor of you develop any of the following warning signs:
1.     Increasing pain in your calf.
2.     Tenderness or redness above or below your knee.
3.     Increasing swelling in your calf, ankle and foot.

How can you prevent DVT?
-        
     Post-surgery, your doctor will outline a prevention program which will be helpful to reduce possibilities of a DVT event.
-         This may include blood thinning medications, inflatable leg coverings, ankle pump exercises and early mobilization.

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